Sectoral Contribution of GHG Emission in India

In India the sectoral contribution of green house gas is given in the fig.3.1. In 1994, the aggregate emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities totalled some 1.23 billion tonnes in terms of CO2 equivalent. Breaking this down, CO2 contributed over 65 per cent - roughly 0.8 billion tones. In 1994, per capita emissions were just 0.87 tonne per person per year. Agriculture contributes to only 28% whereas energy has highest contribution to GHG emission.

Fig. 3.1 Sectoral Contribution to GHG in India

Contribution of GHG in India in all the Sectors

In 1994, 1,228,540 Gg of CO2-eq of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) were emitted from India resulting in a per capita emission of about 1.3 tons. CO2 emissions were the largest at 793,490 Gg, i.e. 65 per cent of the total national CO2-eq emissions. The shares of CH4 and N2O were 31 per cent (18,082 Gg) and 4 per     cent (178 Gg), respectively.

Contribution of GHG in India

 Intra sectoral breakup of GHG emission in India

An analysis of the distribution of the total CO2-eq emissions across all the sub components of all energy activities (Figure 2.4) indicates that the major emitters were energy and transformation industries (47 per cent) constituting mainly electric power generation, industry (20 per cent) and the transport sector (11 per cent).

In 1994, the agriculture sector contributed 29 per cent of the total CO2-eq GHG emissions, amounting to 3, 44,485 Gg CO2-eq. The agriculture sector primarily emitted CH4 and N2O. The CO2 emissions due to the energy use in the agriculture sector are accounted for as a part of all energy emissions. The emissions sources accounted for in the agriculture sector are enteric fermentation in livestock, manure management, rice cultivation, agricultural soils and burning of agricultural crop residue. The bulk of the

GHG emissions from the agriculture sector were from enteric fermentation (59 per cent), followed by rice paddy cultivation (23 per cent), and the rest were contributed by manure management, burning of agriculture crop residue and application of fertilizers to soils.

Of the total GHGs released in 1994, eight percent i.e., 1, 02,710 Gg CO2-eq were from the industrial process sector. These include CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from production processes of chemicals, metals, minerals, cement, lime, soda ash, ammonia, nitric acid, calcium carbide, iron and steel, ferroalloys, aluminium, limestone and dolomite use. Of the total CO2-eq GHGs emitted from the industrial processes, 42 per cent was from iron and steel production, 30 per cent from cement production, 14 per cent from ammonia production, 6 per cent from limestone and dolomite use and the rest of the processes contributed the remaining 8 per cent.